This paper identifies characteristics of business cycles in Iran, applying Hodrick-Prescott (HP) and Band-Pass (BP) filters. Using seasonal and anual data for 1970-2003, it is found that oil income is the key driving factor of business cycles in the Iranian economy. Furthermore, it is indicated that Iran's economy has experienced seven business cycles during this period, in which the economic boom and recession were observed in 17 and 15 years, respectively. The average years of boom exceeds that of recessions, while the range of fluctuations has been higher in recessions. Considering the impact of business cycles on the economy, the above results should be taken note of in macroeconomic policy making process in Iran.

In traditional speech processing, feature extraction and classification were conducted as separate steps. The advent of deep neural networks has enabled methods that simultaneously model the relationship between acoustic and phonetic characteristics of speech while classifying it directly from the raw waveform. The first convolutional layer in these networks acts as a filter bank. To enhance interpretability and reduce the number of parameters, researchers have explored the use of parametric filters, with the SincNet architecture being a notable advancement. In SincNet's initial convolutional layer, rectangular bandpass filters are learned instead of fully trainable filters. This approach allows for modeling with fewer parameters, thereby improving the network's convergence speed and accuracy. Analyzing the learned filter bank also provides valuable insights into the model's performance. The reduction in parameters, along with increased accuracy and interpretability, has led to the adoption of various parametric filters and deep architectures across diverse speech processing applications. This paper introduces different types of parametric filters and discusses their integration into various deep architectures. Additionally, it examines the specific applications in speech processing where these filters have proven effective.

Business cycles analysis is one of the most important tasks for economists and statisticians. Various methods such as HP filter, BP filter, CF filter spectral analysis and Fourier transformation are used in time series analysis. All of these methods are sensitive to stationary of time series. Also the traditional methods don't offer information in scale analysis. In this paper we introduce the Wavelet theory and its applications especially to economics. Also decomposition of seasonal GDP of Iran and analysis of business cycles are the other main propose. Results of GDP decomposition show 7 cycles with length of 16-32 quarters and 13 cycles with 8-16 quarters. Volatility analysis implies no change in variance of Wavelet coefficients in prewar and war periods. However volatility of GDP increased in the post war period.

Background: The presence of antibiotic resistance has been reported in H.pylori and it is a major cause of treatment failure. Five families of multidrug efflux pumps are defined in bacteria and resistance nodulation- division (RND) pumps are found mainly in gram negative bacteria. TolC is one of RND pump components and play a critical role in drug resistance. It hasn't been established that RND family has a role in drug resistance in H.pylori. In this study, we assessed the role of two efflux genes in resistant to metronidazole in H.pylori by evaluation of over expression TolC genes by RT-PCR method. Methods: In five metronidazole resistant strains of H.pylori, total RNA was extracted. RNA treated with DNase and RNA reverse transcribed to cDNA. Aliquots of the cDNA solution were assayed by RT- PCR for HP0605 and HP0971 genes. The levels of mRNA expression were evaluated by densitometry analysis. Results: All five strains displayed over expression for HP0605 basis of increased concentration of metronidazole. Three strains showed transcripts for HP0971. One of these had transcripts for HP0971 only in Metronidazole concentration equaled to 16 mg/ml but two strains over expressed adapt to increase concentration of metronidazole. Conclusion: According to current study, HP0605 and HP0971 genes over expressed due to increase metronidazole. So, increasing of Metronidazole affects in H.pylori's efflux system in transcription level.

Background: Alterations in sperm mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) affect the functions of some OXPHOS proteins which will affect sperm motility and may be associated with asthenozoospermia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between 7599-bp and 7345-bp sperm mtDNA deletions and asthenozoospermia in Jordan. Methods: Semen specimens from 200 men including 121 infertile and 79 healthy individuals were collected at the Royal Jordanian Medical Services In-vitro fertilization (IVF) units. The mtDNA was extracted followed by mtDNA amplification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted for the target sequences, then DNA sequencing was performed for the PCR products. Chi-square, Fisher's and Spearman's tests were used to calculate the correlation. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the presence of 7599-bp mtDNA deletion and infertility where the frequency of the 7599-bp deletion was 63. 6% in the infertile group compared to the fertile 34. 2% (p<0. 001, (OR=3. 37, 95% CI=1. 860 to 6. 108)). Additionally, the sperm motility showed a significant association with the frequency of the 7599-bp deletion (p=0. 001, r=-0. 887). The 7345-bp mtDNA deletion showed no assoctiation with the infertility (p=0. 65, (OR=0. 837, 95% CI= 0. 464-1. 51)) or asthenozoospermia (p=0. 98, r=0. 008). Conclusion: We demonstrated a significant correlation between asthenozoospermia and the 7599-bp mtDNA deletion but not the 7345-bp mtDNA deletion in the infertile men in Jordan. Screening for deletions in sperm mtDNA can be used as a prediagnostic molecular marker for male infertility.

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on DMI, lactation performance, serum mineral and metabolites concentrations, liver enzymes and liver functionality index (LFI), serum insulin and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI). Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 days in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets where BP substituted for either BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP) or CS and BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d) and BCB (17.50 kg/d) cows, but it was lesser in BB (15.60 kg/d) cows. Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d) compared to CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows. Relative to CO, cows fed BB had lower serum glucose concentrations, whereas cows fed BC and BCB had higher serum glucose. Serum insulin concentrations were lower for BB cows than for other exprimental groups. Relative to CO, serum NEFA and BHB concentrations were lower for BC and BCB, but was similar between BB and CO. The RQUICKI was lower for CO, BC cows than BB cows, and cows in BCB tended to have less RQUICKI compared to BB during postpartum. The concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase were lower in BC and BCB cows relative to CO and BB cows. The cows fed CO and BB had higher serum bilirubin relative to cows fed BC and BCB diets. Although, LFI for CO cows was similar to cows on BB, BC and BCB, BC cows had higher LFI than BB cows and tended to have greater LFI than CO cows. Overall, reducing dietary starch by replacing CS (BC) or a mix of CS and BG (BCB) with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield and indicated improved energy metabolism and liver function during the first 21 d of lactation compared to when BP was fed instead of BG to reduce starch (BB).

Significant compressive forces can develop in the offshore pipeline due to restricted expansion caused by high temperature and high pressure conditions. As a consequence, the pipeline tends to release the compressive forces by buckling. This uncontrolled buckling results in significant failure in the pipelines.This paper, first, Summarizes lateral buckling mitigation methods and then, evaluates Snaked-Lay as the most economical and useful method to control lateral buckling of HP-HT pipelines. Numerical models in this paper present the optimized pattern for snaked configuration.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and hMG have been used for ovulation stimulation in assisted reproductive cycles. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of r-FSH and HP-hMG in assisted reproductive cycles.METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was done during 2005 in Babol fertility centers. After inclusion criteria, 99 persons randomly received FSH and 97 persons received HP-hMG. Two groups were matched for age, duration and cause of infertility. Data included number of follicles, number of oocytes, cycle cancellation, number of fertilization of oocytes, number of 2PN, number of ampoules, days of stimulation, number of 4 cell embryos and grade A embryos and outcomes of treatment were recorded.FINDINGS: Number of oocytes recovered in HP-hMG (11.1) was significantly more than r-FSH (7.79) (p=0.012). There were no statistical differences in number of ampoules, days of stimulation, number of fertilization of oocytes, number of 2PN, number of 4 cell embryos and grade A embryos and pregnancy rate and outcomes of pregnancy between r-FSH and HP-hMG (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Recombinant FSH and HP-hMG has same advantage and complication, so type of treatment can be selected based on cost of treatment and type of administration.